Offenses Against the State under IPC (section 121-130)

Introduction:

Offenses against the state under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) are serious crimes that undermine (to make weaker) the sovereignty, integrity, and security of the nation. These offenses, covered under Sections 121 to 130, are some of the most severe offenses under Indian law. Here is a summary of these sections:

Section 121: Waging, Attempting to Wage, or Abetting Waging of War against the Government of India

  • Description: This section deals with anyone who wages war against the Government of India, attempts to wage such war, or abets the waging of such war.
  • Punishment: Death penalty or life imprisonment, along with a fine.

Section 121A: Conspiracy to Commit Offenses Punishable by Section 121

  • Description: Covers conspiracy to commit any of the offenses punishable by Section 121.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for a term that may extend to ten years, along with a fine.

Section 122: Collecting Arms, Etc., with Intention of Waging War against the Government of India

  • Description: Relates to collecting men, arms, or ammunition with the intention of waging war against the Government of India.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for life or imprisonment for up to ten years, along with a fine.

Note: Ammunition is the material fired, scattered, dropped, or detonated from any weapon or weapon system. Ammunition is both expendable weapons (e.g., bombs, missiles, grenades, land mines) and the component parts of other weapons that create the effect on a target (e.g., bullets and warheads).

Section 123: Concealing with Intent to Facilitate Design to Wage War

  • Description: Concerns anyone who conceals the existence of a design to wage war against the Government of India.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for up to ten years, along with a fine.

Section 124: Assaulting President, Governor, Etc., with Intent to Compel or Restrain the Exercise of Any Lawful Power

  • Description: Pertains to assaults on the President of India, the Governor of any State, or any public servant with the intention of inducing or compelling them to exercise or refrain from exercising any lawful power.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for up to seven years, along with a fine.

Section 124A: Sedition(राजद्रोह)

  • Description: Deals with any person who by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government established by law in India.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for up to three years, along with a fine.

Section 125: Waging War against Any Asiatic Power in Alliance with the Government of India

  • Description: Covers waging war against any Asiatic Power in alliance or at peace with the Government of India.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for up to seven years, along with a fine.

Section 126: Committing Depredation on Territories of Power at Peace with the Government of India

  • Description: Relates to committing depredation, or making preparations to commit depredation, on the territories of any power at peace with the Government of India.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for up to seven years, along with a fine and forfeiture of property.

Note: Depredation- acts that cause severe damage or destruction to property, lives, etc.

Section 127: Receiving Property Taken by War or Depredation Mentioned in Sections 125 and 126

  • Description: Deals with receiving property obtained through war or depredation as described in Sections 125 and 126.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for up to seven years, along with a fine and forfeiture of property.

Section 128: Public Servant Voluntarily Allowing Prisoner of State or War to Escape

  • Description: Concerns public servants who voluntarily allow a prisoner of state or war to escape.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for up to ten years, along with a fine.

Section 129: Public Servant Negligently Allowing Such Prisoner to Escape

  • Description: Pertains to public servants who negligently allow a prisoner of state or war to escape.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for up to three years, along with a fine.

Section 130: Aiding Escape of, Rescuing, or Harboring Such Prisoner

  • Description: Involves aiding the escape of, rescuing, or harboring a prisoner of state or war.
  • Punishment: Imprisonment for up to seven years, along with a fine.

These sections underline the gravity of offenses against the state, reflecting the need to safeguard national security and maintain public order.


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