7. What is meant by cyber crime? Discuss in brief any five of them.

UNIT - IV

7. What is meant by cyber crime? Discuss in brief any five of them.
Answer:
#Introduction:
Cyber crime refers to criminal activities that involve the use of computers and the internet. These crimes can range from hacking and identity theft to online fraud and cyber terrorism. Cyber crimes often exploit the speed, convenience, and anonymity of the internet to commit acts against individuals, organizations, or governments.

# Types of Cyber Crimes:
1. Hacking:
Hacking involves unauthorized access to computer systems or networks. Hackers can steal sensitive data, disrupt operations, or damage computer systems. Famous cases include the hacking of major companies like Sony and Yahoo, which led to significant data breaches.

2. Identity Theft:
Identity theft occurs when someone illegally obtains and uses another person's personal information, such as social security numbers, bank account details, or credit card numbers. This can lead to financial loss and damage to the victim’s credit rating. The Equifax data breach in 2017 exposed the personal information of millions of people, highlighting the risks of identity theft.

3. Phishing:
Phishing is a type of cyber crime where attackers send deceptive emails or messages that appear to be from legitimate sources to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information like passwords and credit card numbers. Phishing attacks often use fake websites that mimic real ones to capture user data.

4. Ransomware:
Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts a victim’s files, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attacker. Notable examples include the WannaCry and Petya ransomware attacks, which affected thousands of computers worldwide, disrupting businesses and public services.

5. Cyber Stalking or Online Harassment:
Cyber stalking involves the use of the internet to harass or stalk an individual. This can include sending threatening emails, defamation, false accusations, teasing, tracking someone's online activities, and even extreme threats. Cyber stalking can have severe psychological impacts on victims and can escalate to physical threats. 

6. Online Fraud or Cyber fraud:
Online fraud encompasses various fraudulent schemes conducted over the internet. This includes online auction fraud, where goods purchased online are not delivered, or credit card fraud, where criminals use stolen credit card information for unauthorized purchases. An example is the eBay scam where fraudsters sell non-existent products to unsuspecting buyers.

#Conclusion:
Cyber crime encompasses a wide range of illegal activities conducted via the internet and digital devices. It poses significant risks to individuals, businesses, and governments, necessitating robust cybersecurity measures and legal frameworks to combat and prevent such crimes. The examples discussed highlight the diverse nature of cyber crimes and the potential harm they can cause.
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Find Full paper solution of L.LB. semester exam 2024: IT (Cyber Law) 
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