Digital Signature:
A digital signature is an electronic form of a signature that provides authenticity and integrity to digital messages or documents. It uses cryptographic techniques, typically involving a public and private key pair, to ensure that the document has not been altered and confirms the identity of the signer. Digital signatures are widely used in legal and financial transactions to ensure secure and verifiable communication.
Hacking:
Hacking refers to the act of gaining unauthorized access to computer systems or networks. Hackers exploit vulnerabilities in software or hardware to steal, manipulate, or destroy data. Hacking can range from benign activities, like ethical hacking to identify security flaws, to malicious actions such as data breaches, identity theft, and cyber espionage.
Tampering with Computer Source Documents:
Tampering with computer source documents involves unauthorized modifications, deletions, or insertions in the source code or configuration files of software systems. This act can lead to software malfunction, security vulnerabilities, and loss of data integrity. It is a serious offense as it can disrupt operations and lead to significant damages.
Cyber Defamation:
Cyber defamation is the act of publishing false statements about an individual or entity online, causing harm to their reputation. This can occur through social media, blogs, or other digital platforms. Victims of cyber defamation can pursue legal action to remove defamatory content and seek compensation for damages.
Cyber Stalking: The Cyber harassment or intimidation
Cyber stalking involves the use of the internet or other digital means to harass or intimidate someone. It includes behaviors such as persistent unwanted communication, threats, and monitoring. Cyber stalking can cause significant psychological distress to victims and is considered a criminal offense in many jurisdictions.
Phishing: Cyber Act to collect sensitive information
Phishing is a type of cyber attack where attackers impersonate legitimate entities to trick individuals into providing sensitive information like passwords and credit card numbers. Phishing attacks often occur through deceptive emails, messages, or websites that appear genuine. Effective awareness and security measures are essential to protect against phishing.
Network Service Provider: Internet access and network connectivity provider
A network service provider (NSP) is a company or organization that supplies the infrastructure for internet access and network connectivity. NSPs offer services such as broadband, mobile data, and managed network solutions. They play a crucial role in maintaining and ensuring the reliability and performance of internet services.
Electronic Records:
Electronic records are documents stored in digital format, such as emails, databases, and digital contracts. These records facilitate efficient storage, retrieval, and management of information. Proper handling of electronic records ensures data accuracy, security, and compliance with legal requirements.
Issue of Censorship: Restrictions on required information
Censorship in the digital age involves restricting access to information or speech deemed harmful or objectionable by authorities. This can include blocking websites, removing content, or filtering search results. While intended to protect public interests, censorship raises concerns about freedom of expression and access to information.
Privacy Issue:
Privacy issues pertain to the protection of personal information in the digital realm. With the vast amount of data collected by online services, there is a risk of unauthorized access, data breaches, and misuse of personal information. Protecting privacy involves implementing robust data security measures and complying with privacy laws and regulations.
Mischief: The intentional disruption or damage to computer systems, data, or networks
In the context of cybercrime, mischief refers to the intentional disruption or damage to computer systems, data, or networks. This can include actions like spreading malware, deleting files, or defacing websites. Such activities can cause significant operational and financial damage to individuals and organizations.
Cyber Fraud: Cyber cheating for financial gain
Cyber fraud involves the use of digital technologies to deceive and cheat individuals or organizations for financial gain. Examples include online scams, identity theft, and payment fraud. Combating cyber fraud requires strong cybersecurity practices and legal measures to protect victims and prosecute offenders.
Regulation of Certifying Authority: Digital Certificates Issuing Authority
Certifying authorities (CAs) issue digital certificates that authenticate the identity of individuals or entities in digital transactions. The regulation of CAs ensures that these certificates are issued, managed, and revoked in a secure and reliable manner, maintaining trust in digital communications and transactions.
E-Governance:
E-governance refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve government services, enhance public administration, and engage citizens. It aims to make government processes more efficient, transparent, and accessible, promoting better interaction between the government and the public.
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